From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cholesterol, from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid) followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol, is an organic chemical substance classified as a waxy steroid of fat. It is an essential structural component
of mammalian cell membranes and is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity.
In addition to its importance within cells, cholesterol also
serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D.[2] Cholesterol is the principal sterol synthesized by animals; in vertebrates it is formed predominantly in the liver. Small quantities are synthesized in other
cellular organisms (eukaryotes) such as plants and fungi. It is almost completely absent amongprokaryotes (i.e.,
bacteria).
Although cholesterol is important and necessary for human health,
high levels of cholesterol in the blood have been linked to damage to arteries
and cardiovascular disease.[3]
François Poulletier de la Salle first identified
cholesterol in solid form in gallstones, in 1769. However, it was only in 1815 that
chemistEugène Chevreul named the compound "cholesterine".[4]
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